The motorcycle traction control system.

 The motorcycle traction control system , is widely used in control systems of vehicles.
Well-known an example of the monitoring system of steering is ABS.The motorcycle traction control system prevents failure wheels in slippage at speedup on a slippery surface, by an engine torque reduction

until then while the wheel ceases to slip. Also the traction control system considerably increases Stability at a motorcycle inclination in turning movement, especially on slippery surfaces.
 The  traction control system not so are widely used in motorcycles as at cars, it is probable because of high cost. The stability automatic check is used in BMW K1200R and on motoGP competitions.
Additional sensor controls have been established on motorcycle BMW K1200R for definition of speed of rotation of each wheel. Registering any sudden change in distinction of speeds of a front wheel ratherRear

the electronic control package is capable to find out any risk of failure of a rear wheel and accordingly instantly to reduce an engine power.

 The traction control system are used in motoGP (for example, Yamaha and Ducati) for improvement of roadability by a motorcycle during competitions. Details concerning the traction control system, used in motoGP and BMW, As far as we know, are not disclosed.
 The group of the Italian scientists develops new algorithm of realisation of the traction control system. This algorithm is applied on a commercial motorcycle, and checked up on a real track. A control system which can to be adjusted by the driver during race has been positively estimated by the driver-verifier.

 The key innovative feature offered in this work, - that the motorcycle traction control system is carried out through "cut" introduction in an ignition spark, using the switch connected parallel to  the engine switch. Therefore, the traction control system is realised without modification of the ignition controller, and can "a commercial" motorcycle.Besides, supermotards and motorcycles for cross-country race not always move on asphalt, and the surface condition under their wheels can sharply change. Therefore the driver should have a possibility to regulate the traction control system hurriedly. The offeredthe motorcycle traction control system allows to do it.
 The critical moments in motorcycle movement – lifting of a front wheel and turning movement passage when the motorcycle is in an inclination. The  purpose of the traction control system - to help not to run away with these critical  moments. In both cases, the excessive driving torque of the engine on a rear wheel can lead to a loss of control a motorcycle. The similar problem arises at a motorcycle inclination in turning movement. In this case, a front wheel is more subcentral turning movement concerning a rear wheel which goes faster and leaves from the turning movement centre. In this situation, the driver can run away.
 The driver can avoid failure, having reduced throttle valve opening. However in race it is fraught with loss. In both cases the purpose the motorcycle traction control system consists in reducing a twisting moment on a rear wheel to hold equal to speed of two wheels. For this purpose the estimation of speeds of both wheels by means of certain gauges should be made.

 The main feature of the offered the motorcycle traction control system - its simple applicability for existing motorcycles irrespective of distinctions in a control system of ignition.
The moment transferred to a rear wheel, it is possible to steer reducing quantity of the gasoline injected into the engine, that is closing a throttle valve or reducing current flow to a spark plug.
The first mode cannot be easily realised, without change of the controller of ignition while the second simply enough to realise.
 Each motorcycle has a manual switch to switch off the engine; This switch simply switches off a current going to an ignition coil. The offered motorcycle traction control system changes this scheme, inserting the additional switch in parallel to the established factory. This switch is steered by the microcontroller on the basis of the entrance data from some additional gauges.

On the scheme (Fig.4.) the effect from system application the traction control system is clearly visible.

At the heart of offered the motorcycle traction control system – 40 MHz the microcontroller on microchip PIC18F6527.6 gauges are used for reception of the information on a motorcycle condition:speed sensor of a front wheel, speed sensor of a rear wheel, signal from ignition, the discharge angle gauge, the gauge of opening of a throttle valve and the gauge of turns of the engine.

 The driver can change controller parametres of the motorcycle traction control system pressing some buttons, even during motorcycle movement. The microcontroller stores the information on 1 Mb USB flashdrive. On a motorcycle the display, that is established the pilot had a possibility to check in a mode of real time the controller status. Interface RS232 is used for joint with the external personal computer.
 Speed of a wheel is measured by means of effect of the Hall. The gauge gives pressure – 5 V when near gauge to be a ferromagnetic material,and pressure 0.2V when there is no. The Hall gauge is established close to 4 ferromagnetic bolts on a motorcycle wheel. During wheel rotation, the gauge sends an impulse when the bolt passes near the gauge. A time interval between two impulses inversely proportional speeds of rotation of a wheel. Speed of a wheel is estimated, knowing time between pulses, effective diameter of the tyre, and number of bolts on a wheel.

The estimation of speed ofthe motorcycle traction control system of a wheel depends on a discharge angle of a motorcycle and other parametres – pressure in a tyre cover, temperatures. Discharge angle increases leads to cutting-down of an effective wheel size and, hence, to reduction of speed of a wheel. Distinction between nominal and effective diameter of the tyre in a bend can be more than 10 %, considering that the motorcycle in turning movement can will be tilted more than on 60 °. An error of an estimation of speed of a wheel because of reduction of effective diameter by such size it will not be used scornfully small therefore at definition of speed of a wheel any more the inclination gauge. Throttle valve opening measure potentiometer Vishay connected to an accelerator cable. As the switch in the motorcycle traction control system the bipolar transistor with the isolated is used shutter.

 The  motorcycle traction control system has been established on commercial supermotard and Italy is tested on a track “Enzo e Dino Ferrari” in Fermo. Experimental results have shown good work systems. More exact adjustment of parametres of system should be made, depending on style of the engine of the driver both on a track and on surface conditions. The offered the  traction control system can be established on any motorcycle.